The oxford dictionary defines ciphers as a secret or a disguised way of writing.It can also be defined as a series of steps that can be followed in order to successfully encrypt or decrypt a message.ciphers are different from codes in their basic build up.Ciphers usually encrypt or substitute each letter or word while a code shortens the subject into a series of inter-related or irrelevant stuff.
Ciphers are of many types and multiple ciphers are being invented daily.But the most common forms of ciphers known are the substitution ciphers,transpositions ciphers[anagrams],and 'key' ciphers where the cipher can be cracked with the help of a relevant key.It becomes almost impossible to crack key ciphers without the correct or accurate keys.
Ciphers have been used from the ancient ages till modern date.Everyone from Caesar to Leonardo Da Vinci to Himmlerman used some form of ciphers to ensure their communication kept secret.
